Farm level analysis of rice production systems in Northwestern Ivory Coast

Thesis, Michigan State University, 198

Planning Linkages between Research, Technology Transfer and Farmers' Organizations: Results of an Action-Oriented Project in Mali, Senegal, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe

Linkages between major institutional actors in agricultural knowledge and information systems (AKIS) are widely recognized as essential for an effective flow of technology and information between research, extension, and farmers. The types and nature of linkages between actors within an AKIS directly influence its effectiveness for improving levels of production, particularly for non-commercial and resource poor producers. It is commonly recognized by AKIS stakeholders that poor performance of the system is often related to linkage problems. Based on lessons learned through a series of ISNAR studies on research-user linkages, methods of improving linkages were applied to the conditions and realities of four countries — Senegal, Mali, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. The application of linkage planning concepts and procedures, derived from ISNAR’s experience, took place within the context of a three-year project, supported by the Government of The Netherlands, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It was carried out by national teams representing research, extension, and farmers’ organizations, with methods and facilitation provided by ISNAR. The objectives of the project were to assist the participating countries in addressing research-user linkage problems, to build a capacity to analyze and resolve these problems, to improve methods and guidelines for linkage planning and implementation, and to disseminate linkage knowledge, lessons, and experiences. These objectives were achieved, albeit with varying degrees of success, in the four countries participating in the project. An increased awareness of the importance of linkages and improved communication and cooperation between farmers’ organizations, research, and extension were among the more marked achievements. Project outputs include the establishment of institutional frameworks for strengthening linkages and the development of linkage strategies and action plans. The approach developed by ISNAR was adapted by the participants to specific country conditions. Based on their experiences, important lessons emerged and requirements for success in linkage planning and implementation were identified